Microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of Ti–V–Cr based BCC-type high entropy alloys

In this work, the crystal structure and hydrogen storage properties of V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Fe₁₀, V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Mn₁₀, V₃₀Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Fe₁₀Nb₅ and V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Fe₅Mn₅ BCC-type high entropy alloys have been investigated. It was found that high entropy promotes the formation of BCC phase while large atomic difference (δ) has the opposite effect. Among the four alloys, the V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Mn₁₀ alloy shows the highest hydrogen absorption capacity while the V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₆Fe₅Mn₅ alloy exhibits the highest reversible capacity. The cause of the loss of desorption capacity is mainly due to the high stability of the hydrides. The higher room-temperature desorption capacity of the V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Fe₅Mn₅ alloy is due to higher hydrogen desorption pressure. After pumping at 400 °C, the hydrides can return to the original BCC structure with only a small expansion in the cell volume.     

PVDF压电纤维仿生柔性传感器水下传感特性研究

感知器官对于许多动物必不可少,尤其是生活在水下的生物。该文以聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)为材料,模仿水生动物海豹的触须设计制备了一种表面四电极PVDF压电纤维仿生柔性传感器。利用激振源测试所制备的传感器性能,包括输出不同的波形测试对不同激励的感知,对水动力的感知及对水下运动物体方向的感知。实验结果表明,该传感器对不同激励的感知性能很好,速度检测极限可达0.15 mm/s,且有良好的方向性检测能力,对水下情况感知的应用前景广。     

TiSiO非晶结构光学薄膜的性能调控机理研究进展

TiSiO复合薄膜的制备方法主要包括溶胶-凝胶、物理气相沉积和化学气相沉积等,针对不同制备工艺条件下SiO2改性TiO2的微观结构与光学参量的调控机理的研究,仍处于探索阶段。综述了近年来国内外在不同工艺条件下沉积的TiSiO薄膜的结构和光学性质,从溶胶体系和热处理工艺两方面,对溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的TiSiO薄膜展开论述,分别归纳了溶胶体系和热处理工艺调控TiSiO薄膜的结构和光学性质的一般规律;从溅射工艺和蒸发工艺两方面对物理气相沉积工艺制备的TiSiO薄膜展开论述,分别阐述了在溅射工艺和蒸发工艺过程中,调控TiSiO薄膜的结构和光学性质的一般规律;从低（常）压化学气相沉积和等离子增强化学气相沉积等方面,对化学气相沉积工艺制备的TiSiO薄膜展开论述,分别阐述了在不同化学气相沉积技术中,通过调节一些重要参数调控薄膜结构和性能的一般规律。总结了不同工艺制备并调控TiSiO薄膜的一般规律的内在联系,并指出了这类薄膜制备工艺存在的问题和后续的研究方向。     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的摩擦腐蚀性能研究

目的研究不同喷涂距离下WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的摩擦腐蚀性能,探究其机理并优化工艺参数,以提高涂层性能。方法通过超音速火焰喷涂技术在304不锈钢基体上制备WC-10Co-4Cr防护涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究涂层的微观结构及相组成,采用维氏显微硬度计测量涂层的显微硬度。采用装配有电化学工作站的摩擦磨损测试仪,对浸没于3.5%NaCl盐溶液中的涂层进行摩擦腐蚀实验,测量涂层在静态及滑动条件下的磨损率、摩擦系数和极化曲线。结果喷涂距离提高时,涂层孔隙率降低,硬度提高,达到1100～1400 HV。在腐蚀介质中滑动摩擦时,WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的磨损率较304不锈钢低2个数量级,磨损率为1.7×10~(-7)mm~3/(N·m),而304不锈钢的磨损率为2.6×10~(-5)mm~3/(N·m)。结论 WC-10Co-4Cr涂层良好的摩擦腐蚀性能归因于承受负载的WC相与产生钝化的金属粘结相之间的协同作用,其抵抗涂层受摩擦腐蚀破坏。     

Superior electrochemical performances of LaMgNi alloys with A2B7/A5B19 double phase

Here, phase transformation and electrochemical characteristics of non-stoichiometry La₄MgNi_x (x = 16, 17 and 18) hydrogen storage alloys were studied. It is found that after annealed at 1223 K for 24 h, the minor AB₃ and AB₅ phases in La₄MgNi₁₆ alloy transform into A₂B₇ phase by a peritectic reaction and the La₄MgNi₁₆ alloy shows a A₂B₇ single phase structure. Double phase structures of A₂B₇/A₅B₁₉ are obtained in La₄MgNi₁₇ and La₄MgNi₁₈ alloys after annealed at the same condition. The abundance of A₅B₁₉ phase increases as x increases, indicating the increasing x value contributes to the formation of A₅B₁₉ phases. Electrochemical studies show that the maximum discharge capacity and capacity retention at the 100^th charge/discharge cycles (S₁₀₀) of A₂B₇ single phase La₄MgNi₁₆ alloy is 373 mAh g⁻¹ and 78.4%, respectively. The appearance of A₅B₁₉ (minor) phase in the La₄MgNi₁₇ alloy makes a remarkable improvement in the discharge capacity from 373 mAh g⁻¹ to 388.8 mAh g⁻¹, as well as the S₁₀₀ from 78.4% to 90.1%. It is believed that the LaMgNi-based alloy with the A₂B₇(main)/A₅B₁₉(minor) phase structure possesses the good overall electrochemical properties and is applicable to the high-power and long-cycle life negative electrode material for nickel metal hydride batteries.     

基于ANSYS的泵车臂架结构的优化设计与试验

采用有限元方法并且结合试验验证,对泵车臂架结构进行静力学分析。首次采用拓扑优化的方法,对臂架结构进行了优化设计,得到了优化后的新型臂架结构,实现了减重,同时增加了结构的强度与刚度。     

Upward vs downward injection of droplets for the optimization of a radiative shield

A numerical and experimental study of a spray has been carried out at the laboratory scale, focusing on the comparison between downward and upward injection situations. The simulation has been carried out thanks to a dedicated numerical code addressing the two-phase flow with an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, and treating the radiative transfer with a Monte Carlo method. The experimental setup involves a FTIR spectrometer and an IR camera, both characterizing simultaneously the spectral attenuation through the spray when irradiated by a blackbody. Numerical results and experimental data both show a better ability of the spray to attenuate radiation when injected upward. The residence time of droplets is highly increased when they are injected upward. This results in an increased attenuation ability of the spray. A gain by a factor 3 or more is possible regarding the attenuation of radiation if water is injected upward. This observation has to be considered with care however because of a possible poor stability of the spray. The influence of an air flow affecting the spray dynamics has also been investigated numerically, tests being done with a 2 m/s air flow. The droplet motion is strongly altered and the radiation attenuation is affected. In the upward injection case the deformation of the spray may be so strong in its upper part that the attenuation tends to zero because droplets are carried away.     

Effects of sustained axial load and cooling phase on post-fire behaviour of reinforced concrete stub columns

In this paper is presented an experimental investigation of the effects of preload and cooling phase on the residual strength, stiffness and ductility of reinforced concrete stub columns which were heated and cooled down to room temperature under sustained axial load. Reinforced concrete stub columns were axially loaded and heated to designed temperatures in a specially built electrical furnace. After the specimens cooled down to ambient temperature with the axial loads kept constant, the stub columns were loaded to failure. The sustained preload led to significant residual deformations of reinforced concrete stub columns during the cooling phase. The test results showed that the mechanical behaviour of the fire-damaged reinforced concrete stub columns with preload was remarkably different from those without preload. The sustained axial loads resulted in obviously increased strength and stiffness during the loading phase, but reduced stiffness and deteriorated ductility in the unloading phase. Based on the test results, it is recommended that the effects of sustained axial loads during the fire and cooling phase should be taken into consideration in assessing the fire-damaged reinforced concrete columns.     

ZnO hierarchical structures synthesized via hydrothermal method and their photoluminescence properties

The controlled synthesis of ZnO hierarchical structures has been successfully realized in a large scale via a simple hydrothermal method. It was demonstrated that the morphology of the final products was simply tuned by adding different amounts of soluble salt. ZnO microparticles were prepared when no soluble salt was added, whereas microspheres and nanoflowers were selectively prepared in the presence of different amounts of NaF. ZnO nanosheets were obtained when adding appropriate amount of NaCl, Na₂SO₄, or K₂SO₄. ZnO nanobelts were obtained in the presence of appropriate amount of sodium citrate (C₆H₅Na₃O₇). The photoluminescence (PL) properties of those products were researched, and the origin of the PL was discussed.     

Nonlinear multiobjective model-predictive control scheme for wastewater treatment process

A nonlinear multiobjective model-predictive control (NMMPC) scheme, consisting of self-organizing radial basis function (SORBF) neural network prediction and multiobjective gradient optimization, is proposed for wastewater treatment process (WWTP) in this paper. The proposed NMMPC comprises a SORBF neural network identifier and a multiple objectives controller via the multi-gradient method (MGM). The SORBF neural network with concurrent structure and parameter learning is developed as a model identifier for approximating on-line the states of WWTP. Then, this NMMPC optimizes the multiple objectives under different operating functions, where all the objectives are minimized simultaneously. The solution of optimal control is based on the MGM which can shorten the solution time. Moreover, the stability and control performance of the closed-loop control system are well studied. Numerical simulations reveal that the proposed control strategy gives satisfactory tracking and disturbance rejection performance for WWTP. Experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed method.